70% of World Population to be Crammed into Poor, Overcrowded, Polluted Urban Corridors

By 2050, 70% of World Population to be Crammed into Poor, Overcrowded, Polluted Urban Corridors Comprising a Tiny Fraction of Habitable Land

By Daily Mail
March 24, 2010

The world’s largest cities are merging into vast ‘mega regions’ which will be characterised by overcrowding, poverty and pollution, a new report warns.
 
The continuing growth of urban areas is likely to be one of the most significant factors affecting society over the next 50 years, a United Nations agency said.

Such mega regions will stretch hundreds of miles across countries and will be home to more than 100 million people. Last year it was confirmed for the first time that over half the world’s population lives in cities.

The State of the World Cities report claims that urbanisation is ‘unstoppable.’

A mega region, which is often two or more cities becoming connected as increasing numbers of towns and ghettos spring up between them, has already been established in the Hong Kong-Shenhzen-Guangzhou region of China where 120 million people live.

Eduardo Lopez Moreno, the report’s author, said:

‘The top 25 cities in the world account for more than half of the world’s wealth, and the five largest cities in India and China now account for 50 per cent of those countries’ wealth.’

However, he claims an explosion of mega regions will not necessarily be a bad thing despite warning of ‘further patterns of social and economic exclusion.’

‘They, rather than countries, are now driving wealth,’ Mr Moreno added.

“Research shows that the world’s largest 40 mega regions cover only a tiny fraction of the habitable surface of our planet and are home to fewer than 18 per cent of the world’s population yet account for 66 per cent of all economic activity and about 85 per cent of technological and scientific innovation.’

Anna Tibaijuka, director of UN-Habitat, said:

‘Just over half the world now lives in cities, but by 2050 over 70 per cent of the world will be urban dwellers.

‘By then, only 14 per cent of people in rich countries will live outside cities, and 33 per cent in poor countries.’

World’s Population Increasingly Urban with More Than Half Living in Urban Areas

By The United Nations

July 10, 2014

Today, 54 per cent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 per cent by 2050. Projections show that urbanization combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by 2050, with close to 90 percent of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa, according to a new United Nations report launched today.

The 2014 revision of the World Urbanization Prospects by UN DESA’s Population Division notes that the largest urban growth will take place in India, China and Nigeria. These three countries will account for 37 per cent of the projected growth of the world’s urban population between 2014 and 2050. By 2050, India is projected to add 404 million urban dwellers, China 292 million and Nigeria 212 million.

The urban population of the world has grown rapidly from 746 million in 1950 to 3.9 billion in 2014. Asia, despite its lower level of urbanization, is home to 53 per cent of the world’s urban population, followed by Europe with 14 per cent and Latin America and the Caribbean with 13 per cent.

The world’s urban population is expected to surpass six billion by 2045.  Much of the expected urban growth will take place in countries of the developing regions, particularly Africa. As a result, these countries will face numerous challenges in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations, including for housing, infrastructure, transportation, energy and employment, as well as for basic services such as education and health care.

“Managing urban areas has become one of the most important development challenges of the 21st century. Our success or failure in building sustainable cities will be a major factor in the success of the post-2015 UN development agenda,” said John Wilmoth, Director of UN DESA’s Population Division.

Mega-cities with more than 10 million people are increasing in number

The report notes that in 1990, there were ten “mega-cities” with 10 million inhabitants or more, which were home to 153 million people or slightly less than seven per cent of the global urban population at that time. In 2014, there are 28 mega-cities worldwide, home to 453 million people or about 12 percent of the world’s urban dwellers. Of today’s 28 mega-cities, sixteen are located in Asia, four in Latin America, three each in Africa and Europe, and two in Northern America. By 2030, the world is projected to have 41 mega-cities with 10 million inhabitants or more.

Tokyo remains the world’s largest city with 38 million inhabitants, followed by Delhi with 25 million, Shanghai with 23 million, and Mexico City, Mumbai and São Paulo, each with around 21 million inhabitants. Osaka has just over 20 million, followed by Beijing with slightly less than 20 million. The New York-Newark area and Cairo complete the top ten most populous urban areas with around 18.5 million inhabitants each.

Although Tokyo’s population is projected to decline, it will remain the world’s largest city in 2030 with 37 million inhabitants, followed closely by Delhi, whose population is projected to rise swiftly to 36 million in 2030. While Osaka and New York-Newark were the world’s second and third largest urban areas in 1990, by 2030 they are projected to fall in rank to the 13th and 14th positions, respectively, as mega-cities in developing countries become more prominent.

Small cities are numerous and many are growing rapidly

Overall, nearly half of the world’s 3.9 billion urban dwellers reside in relatively small settlements with fewer than 500,000 inhabitants, while only around one in eight live in the 28 mega-cities with 10 million inhabitants or more. Many of the fastest growing cities in the world are relatively small urban settlements.

Rural populations expected to decrease as urban populations continue to grow

The rural population of the world has grown slowly since 1950 and is expected to reach its peak around 2020. The global rural population is now close to 3.4 billion and is expected to decline to 3.1 billion by 2050. While Africa and Asia are urbanizing rapidly, the regions are still home to nearly 90 per cent of the world’s rural population. India has the largest rural population with 857 million, followed by China with 635 million. 

Sustainable urbanization is key to successful development

The report notes that a successful urban planning agenda will require that attention be given to urban settlements of all sizes. If well managed, cities offer important opportunities for economic development and for expanding access to basic services, including health care and education, for large numbers of people. Providing public transportation, as well as housing, electricity, water and sanitation for a densely settled urban population is typically cheaper and less environmentally damaging than providing a similar level of services to a dispersed rural population.

The 2014 revision of the World Urbanization Prospects provides new and updated information on global urbanization trends and city growth. Such information is vital for setting policy priorities to promote inclusive, equitable and sustainable development for urban and rural areas alike. Recognizing the importance of smaller cities and towns, this latest revision expands the number of cities and provides, for the first time, population estimates and projections for all of the world’s urban settlements with 300,000 inhabitants or more in 2014.

Percentage of Global Ppopulation Living in Cities, by Continent

Studies have shown city dwellers have smaller carbon footprints than their countries' national averages

By The Guardian
August 24, 2009

Since 1950 there has been a huge worldwide increase in the percentage of population living within cities. The trend shows no sign of stopping - for the next 20 years, the flow of people is predicted to continue soaring.

Some commentators believe this move to urban living is good for the environment because of denser housing and greater use of public transport. Studies have shown city dwellers on four continents have smaller carbon footprints than their countries' national averages.

In 1950, the population living in UK cities was 79% - already a large figure - but one which is set to rise to 92.2% by 2030. Elsewhere, China's percentage rose from 13% to 40.4% between the years 1950-2005, and is predicted to rise to 60.3% by 2030. With so many migrating from rural areas, what does this mean for Chinese agriculture and its domestic food security? In all likelihood, it will look more like the UK - importing an increasing proportion of its food with the wealth generated by its urban industry and commerce.

But it's Botswana that has experienced the largest influx. Next year, 61.2% of its population are expected to live in urban areas, yet back in 1950 only 2.7% of Botswanans lived in cities.

• DATA: Percentage of global population living in cities, by continent 1950 to 2030

Urban population as a percent of total population

Country	2030	2020	2010	2000	1990	1980	1970	1960	1950
Afghanistan	36.3	29.7	24.8	21.3	18.3	15.7	11	8	5.8
Albania	62.7	56.2	49.1	41.8	36.4	33.7	31.7	30.7	21.7
Algeria	76.2	71.9	66.5	59.8	52.1	43.5	39.5	30.5	22.2
American Samoa	95.6	94.8	93	88.8	80.9	74.3	70.4	66.2	61.8
Andorra	87.9	87.2	89	92.3	94.8	95.6	84.7	58.5	38.8
Angola	68.2	62.7	56.6	50	37.1	24.3	15	10.4	7.6
Antigua and Barbuda	54.9	48.1	41.6	37.3	35.4	34.6	33.8	39.7	30.1
Argentina	93.2	92.2	90.9	89.2	87	82.9	78.9	73.6	65.3
Armenia	69.1	65.2	63.7	65.1	67.5	66.2	59.9	51.3	42.6
Aruba	52.5	48.8	46.9	46.7	50.3	50.5	50.6	50.8	50.9
Australia	91.9	90.6	89.1	87.2	85.4	85.8	85.3	81.5	77
Austria	73.1	69.2	66.6	65.8	65.8	65.8	65.4	65.3	64.6
Azerbaijan	59.2	54.4	51.9	50.9	53.7	52.8	50	47.7	42.5
Bahamas, The	93.9	92.8	91.5	88.8	83.6	75.1	67.6	59.7	52.1
Bahrain	98.8	98.5	97.6	94.6	88.1	86.1	83.8	82.3	64.4
Bangladesh	39.9	32.9	27.3	23.2	19.8	14.9	7.6	5.1	4.2
Barbados	67.7	61.8	55.7	49.9	44.8	40.2	41.4	40.3	39.8
Belarus	81.7	78.6	74.6	70	66.4	56.5	44	32.4	26.2
Belgium	97.8	97.6	97.3	97.1	96.4	95.4	93.8	92.5	91.5
Belize	59.3	53.5	49.4	47.7	47.5	49.4	51	54	55.3
Benin	53.9	47.3	42.1	38.4	34.5	27.3	16.7	9.3	5
Bermuda	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Bhutan	22.4	17	12.8	9.6	7.2	5.3	3.9	2.9	2.1
Bolivia	75.2	71	66.5	61.8	55.6	45.5	39.8	36.8	33.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	61.7	55.2	48.6	43.2	39.2	35.5	27.2	19	13.7
Botswana	72.7	67.6	61.2	53.2	41.9	16.5	7.8	3.1	2.7
Brazil	91.1	89.5	86.5	81.2	74.8	67.4	55.8	44.9	36.2
British Virgin Islands	73.7	69.1	63.6	57.3	50.2	38.8	28.7	20.4	14
Brunei	82.3	79.3	75.7	71.1	65.8	59.9	61.7	43.4	26.8
Bulgaria	77.8	74.4	71.3	68.9	66.4	62.1	52.3	37.1	27.6
Burkina Faso	32.5	25.7	20.3	16.5	13.8	8.8	5.8	4.8	4
Burma (Myanmar)	48.4	41	33.9	28	24.9	24	22.8	19.2	16.2
Burundi	20.8	15.6	11.6	8.6	6.3	4.3	2.4	2	1.7
Cambodia	37	29.6	22.8	16.9	12.6	12.4	11.7	10.3	10.2
Cameroon	71.5	66	58.9	50	40.7	31.9	20.3	13.9	9.3
Canada	84.4	82.3	80.7	79.4	76.6	75.7	75.7	69.1	60.9
Cape Verde	72.4	67.3	61	53.4	44.1	23.5	19.6	16.7	14.2
Cayman Islands	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)	59.1	52.8	47.2	43	39.7	36.9	28.2	17.7	10
Central African Rep	48.4	42.4	38.9	37.6	36.8	33.9	27.3	20.1	14.4
Chad	41.2	33.9	27.6	23.4	20.8	18.8	11.6	6.7	4.5
Channel Islands	36.6	32.7	30.8	30.5	31.4	32.1	35	38.5	41.3
Chile	92.3	91	89	85.9	83.3	81.2	75.2	67.8	58.4
China	60.3	53.2	44.9	35.8	27.4	19.6	17.4	16	13
Colombia	80.3	77.3	74.2	71.2	68.7	62.6	56.6	49.1	42.1
Comoros	55.1	47.7	40.4	33.8	28.2	23.2	19.4	12.6	6.6
Congo (Brazzaville)	70.9	66.3	62.1	58.3	54.3	47.9	39.1	31.6	24.9
Congo, Dem Rep	49.2	42	35.2	29.8	27.8	28.7	30.3	22.3	19.1
Cook Islands	82.5	79	73.8	65.2	56.9	53.8	53.3	49.4	45.6
Costa Rica	73.8	69.3	64.3	59	50.7	43.1	38.8	34.3	33.5
Croatia	66.5	61.6	57.8	55.6	54	50.1	40.2	30.2	22.3
Cuba	77.3	75	74.8	75.6	73.4	68.1	60.3	58.4	56.5
Cyprus	76.4	73	70.3	68.6	66.8	58.6	40.8	35.6	28.4
Czech Rep	78	75	73.5	74	75.2	74.6	52	45.8	40.9
Denmark	89.1	87.6	86.2	85.1	84.8	83.7	79.7	73.7	68
Djibouti	92	90.6	88.1	83.3	76	72.1	61.8	50.3	39.8
Dominica	81.3	78.1	74.6	71.1	67.7	63.4	46.9	27.3	24.9
Dominican Rep	80	76.2	70.5	62.4	55.2	51.3	40.2	30.2	23.7
Ecuador	74.2	69.9	65.2	60.3	55.1	47	39.3	33.9	28.3
Egypt	53.9	47.7	43.7	42.5	43.5	43.9	42.2	37.9	31.9
El Salvador	69.8	65.2	61.3	58.4	49.2	44.1	39.4	38.3	36.5
Equatorial Guinea	49.4	43.3	39.7	38.8	34.8	27.9	27	25.5	15.5
Eritrea	34.4	27.5	21.6	17.8	15.8	14.4	12.6	9.8	7.1
Estonia	74.9	71.4	69.3	69.4	71.1	69.7	64.9	57.5	49.7
Ethiopia	27.1	21.3	17.4	14.9	12.6	10.4	8.6	6.4	4.6
Faeroe Islands	49.5	43.6	39.9	36.3	30.6	31.2	28	21.4	17.4
Falkland Islands	96.3	95.4	92.9	85.8	74.5	58.7	54	50.5	51.1
Fiji	64.4	58.8	53.4	48.3	41.6	37.8	34.8	29.7	24.4
Finland	68.8	64.4	61.6	61.1	61.4	59.8	50.3	38.1	31.9
Former Serbia and Montenegro	62.8	57.3	53.4	51.6	50.9	46.3	39.3	28.6	18.9
France	82.9	80.2	77.8	75.8	74.1	73.3	71.1	61.9	55.2
French Guiana	81.4	78.6	76.4	75.1	74.5	70.8	67.4	63.3	53.7
French Polynesia	58.8	53.8	51.6	52.4	55.9	57.4	55.3	42.4	34.1
Gabon	90.6	88.8	86	80.1	69.1	54.7	32	17.4	11.4
Gambia	71	65	58.1	49.1	38.3	28.4	19.5	12.1	10.3
Georgia	60.4	55.4	52.7	52.7	55.2	51.6	47.5	42.3	37.3
Germany	80	77.3	75.6	75.1	73.4	72.6	72.9	69.8	64.7
Ghana	64.8	58.5	51.5	44	36.5	31.2	29	23.3	15.4
Gibraltar	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Greece	67.4	62.7	59.7	58.8	58.8	57.7	52.5	42.9	37.3
Greenland	88.4	86.5	84.3	81.6	79.7	76.1	72.7	58.5	49
Grenada	40.5	34.2	31	31	32.2	32.9	32.2	30.3	28.5
Guadeloupe	99.9	99.9	99.8	99.6	98.5	88.5	75.4	56.6	37.2
Guam	96.2	95.7	94.7	93.2	90.8	93.8	61.9	50.1	41.3
Guatemala	60.6	54.7	49.5	45.1	41.1	37.4	35.5	31.1	25.1
Guinea	48.6	41.4	35.3	31	28	23.7	16	10.5	6.7
Guinea-Bissau	38.6	32.8	30	29.7	28.1	17.6	15.1	13.6	10
Guyana	37	31.2	28.5	28.6	29.5	30.5	29.4	29	28
Haiti	56	49	42.1	35.6	29.5	23.7	19.8	15.6	12.2
Honduras	60.3	54.3	48.8	44.4	40.3	34.9	28.9	22.7	17.6
Hong Kong	100	100	100	100	99.5	91.5	87.7	85.2	85.2
Hungary	76.1	72.3	68.3	64.6	65.8	64.2	60.1	55.9	53
Iceland	94.7	94	93.2	92.3	90.8	88.3	84.9	80.3	72.8
India	40.7	34.4	30.1	27.7	25.5	23.1	19.8	17.9	17
Indonesia	68.9	62.6	53.7	42	30.6	22.1	17.1	14.6	12.4
Iran	77.9	74	69.5	64.2	56.3	49.7	41.2	33.7	27.5
Iraq	71.3	67.8	66.6	67.8	69.7	65.5	56.2	42.9	35.1
Ireland	70.4	65.9	62	59.1	56.9	55.3	51.7	45.8	40.1
Isle of Man	57.4	53.9	52.1	51.8	51.7	51.8	55.8	55.1	52.9
Israel	93	92.2	91.7	91.4	90.4	88.6	84.2	76.8	71
Italy	74.6	70.9	68.4	67.2	66.7	66.6	64.3	59.4	54.1
Jamaica	64.3	59	54.7	51.8	49.4	46.8	41.4	33.8	24.1
Japan	73.7	69.8	66.8	65.2	63.1	59.6	53.2	43.1	34.9
Jordan	88.5	86.5	83.9	80.4	72.2	59.9	56	50.9	37
Kazakhstan	66.9	62.2	58.6	56.3	56.3	54.1	50.2	44.2	36.4
Kenya	33	26.6	22.2	19.7	18.2	15.7	10.3	7.4	5.6
Kiribati	65.3	59	51.5	43	35	32.3	24.1	16.3	11
Korea, North	72.4	67.8	63.4	60.2	58.4	56.9	54.2	40.2	31
Korea, South	86.3	84.2	81.9	79.6	73.8	56.7	40.7	27.7	21.4
Kuwait	98.7	98.6	98.4	98.2	98	94.8	85.7	74.9	61.5
Kyrgyzstan	46.2	40.1	36.6	35.4	37.8	38.6	37.5	34.2	26.5
Lao People's Dem Rep	34	27.6	22.6	18.9	15.4	12.4	9.6	7.9	7.2
Latvia	73.5	70.1	68.2	68.1	69.3	67.1	60.7	52.9	46.4
Lebanon	90	88.6	87.2	86	83.1	73.7	59.5	42.3	32
Lesotho	31.1	24.7	20.1	17.8	17.2	13.4	8.6	3.4	1.4
Liberia	73.7	67.9	61.5	54.3	45.3	35.2	26	18.6	13
Libya	90	88.4	86.3	83.1	78.6	67.9	45.1	27.3	19.5
Liechtenstein	19.4	15.6	14.4	15.1	16.9	18.3	18.5	20.4	19.9
Lithuania	71.1	67.8	66.4	67	67.6	61.2	49.6	39.5	28.8
Luxembourg	84.1	82.4	82.2	83.8	80.9	80	74.4	69.6	67.2
Macau	100	100	100	100	99.8	99.1	97	95.3	96.9
Macedonia, FYR	81.1	77.5	72.3	64.9	57.8	53.5	47.1	34	23.4
Madagascar	39.3	32.6	28.2	26	23.6	18.5	14.1	10.6	7.8
Malawi	31.9	25.1	19.5	15.1	11.6	9.1	6	4.4	3.5
Malaysia	81.9	78.1	71.8	61.8	49.8	42	33.5	26.6	20.4
Maldives	45.2	38	32.1	27.5	25.8	22.3	11.9	11.2	10.6
Mali	47.4	40	33.3	27.9	23.3	18.5	14.3	11.1	8.5
Malta	98.1	97.7	96.5	93.4	90.4	89.8	89.7	90.1	88.9
Marshall Islands	74.9	71.1	67.8	65.8	64.7	58.3	53.5	35.6	23.3
Martinique	98.4	98.2	98	97.8	97.6	79.6	61	40.1	32.9
Mauritania	51.7	45.4	41.4	40	39.7	27.4	14.6	6.9	3.1
Mauritius	52.1	46.1	42.8	42.7	43.9	42.4	42	33.2	29.3
Mexico	82.8	80.1	77.3	74.7	72.5	66.3	59	50.8	42.7
Micronesia, Fed States	30.3	25.1	22.7	22.3	25.8	26.4	24.8	22.3	20
Moldova, Rep	58.8	52.7	48	46.1	46.8	40.4	32.1	23.4	16.5
Monaco	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Mongolia	65.7	60.7	57.5	56.6	57	52.1	45.1	35.7	20
Morocco	72.7	67.8	61.9	55.1	48.4	41.3	34.6	29.3	26.2
Mozambique	53.7	46.2	38.4	30.7	21.1	13.1	5.8	3.7	2.4
Namibia	51.5	44.5	38	32.4	27.7	25.1	22.3	17.9	13.4
Nauru	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Nepal	30.6	23.9	18.2	13.4	8.9	6.1	4	3.5	2.7
Netherlands	88.6	86.5	82.9	76.8	68.7	64.7	61.7	59.8	56.1
Netherlands Antilles	78.6	75.3	71.7	69.3	68.3	67.9	67.9	67.9	67.9
New Caledonia	73.5	69.4	65.5	61.9	59.6	57.4	51.2	37.4	24.6
New Zealand	89.5	88.1	86.8	85.7	84.7	83.4	81.1	76	72.5
Nicaragua	69.7	65.1	60.9	57.2	53.1	50.3	47	39.6	34.9
Niger	27	21.3	17.8	16.2	15.4	13.4	8.8	5.8	4.9
Nigeria	66	59.3	52.2	43.9	35	26.9	21.4	16.6	11.6
Niue	53.7	46.7	39.9	33.7	30.9	27	21.1	21.5	21.5
Northern Mariana Islands	96.8	96.3	95.3	93.3	89.8	86.8	70	51.3	42
Norway	81.9	79.5	77.9	76.1	72	70.5	65.4	49.9	50.5
Oman	76.4	73.3	71.7	71.6	65.4	44.3	25.1	12.4	8.6
Pakistan	49.8	42.7	37	33.1	30.6	28.1	24.8	22.1	17.5
Palau	75.4	72.1	70.1	69.6	69.6	62.5	59.7	56.8	53.9
Palestinian Territories	77.2	74.1	72.1	71.5	67.9	62.4	54.3	44	37.3
Panama	83.6	80.3	74.8	65.8	53.9	50.4	47.6	41.2	35.8
Papua New Guinea	21.4	16.5	14	13.2	13.1	13	9.8	3.7	1.7
Paraguay	71.9	67.1	61.5	55.3	48.7	41.7	37.1	35.6	34.6
Peru	79.3	76.3	73.7	71.6	68.9	64.6	57.4	46.8	41
Philippines	76.7	72.3	66.4	58.5	48.8	37.5	33	30.3	27.1
Poland	70	65.7	62.8	61.7	61.3	58.1	52.1	47.9	38.3
Portugal	71.4	66.4	60.7	54.4	47.9	42.8	38.8	35	31.2
Puerto Rico	99.6	99.5	98.8	94.6	72.2	66.9	58.3	44.5	40.6
Qatar	96.9	96.5	95.8	94.9	92.2	89.4	88.4	85.2	79.2
Reunion	96.3	95.7	94	89.9	81.2	53.5	41.7	32.8	23.5
Romania	63.1	58.1	54.6	54.6	54.3	45.8	40.3	34.2	25.6
Russia	75.7	73.2	72.6	73.4	73.4	69.8	62.5	53.8	44.2
Rwanda	42.1	33.4	23.9	13.8	5.4	4.7	3.2	2.4	1.8
Saint Helena	49.8	43.4	39.5	39.2	41.6	44	46.5	49.1	51.6
Saint Kitts and Nevis	41.6	35.4	32.4	32.8	34.6	35.9	34.1	27.6	26.5
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	91.3	90.2	89.3	88.9	88.9	89.6	88.4	86.4	80
Samoa	33.2	27.1	23.4	21.9	21.2	21.2	20.4	18.9	12.9
San Marino	99.7	99.6	98.7	93.5	90.1	81.2	59.8	48.9	43.2
Sao Tome and Principe	74	69	62.2	53.4	43.6	33.5	29.5	16.1	13.5
Saudi Arabia	86.2	84.2	82.1	79.8	76.6	65.9	48.7	31.3	21.3
Senegal	53.2	47.1	42.9	40.6	39	35.8	30	23	17.2
Seychelles	66.6	61.1	55.3	51	49.3	49.4	39.1	27.7	27.4
Sierra Leone	59.5	52	44.4	37	30.1	23.9	17.5	11.6	7.4
Singapore	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Slovakia	64.7	59.8	56.8	56.3	56.5	51.6	41.1	33.5	30
Slovenia	60.6	55.3	51.9	50.8	50.4	48	37	28.2	19.9
Solomon Islands	29.2	23	18.6	15.7	13.7	10.6	8.9	5.8	3.8
Somalia	49.9	43	37.5	33.3	29.7	26.8	22.7	17.3	12.7
South Africa	71.3	66.6	61.7	56.9	52	48.4	47.8	46.6	42.2
Spain	81.9	79.4	77.4	76.3	75.4	72.8	66	56.6	51.9
Sri Lanka	21.4	16.9	15.1	15.7	17.2	18.8	19.5	16.4	15.3
St. Lucia	36.1	30.6	28	28	29.3	26.5	23.9	21.5	19.2
St. Vincent/ Grenadines	58.6	52.6	47.8	44.4	40.6	27.2	26.9	13.9	13.7
Sudan	60.7	53.2	45.2	36.1	26.6	20	16.5	10.7	6.8
Suriname	82	79	75.6	72.1	68.3	55	45.9	47.3	46.9
Swaziland	37	30.3	25.5	23.3	22.9	17.8	9.7	3.9	1.8
Sweden	87.5	85.8	84.5	84	83.1	83.1	81	72.5	65.7
Switzerland	83.1	80.3	77	73.1	68.4	57	54.5	51	44.3
Syria	61	55.5	51.7	50.1	48.9	46.7	43.3	36.8	30.6
Tajikistan	31.1	25.9	24.2	25.9	31.5	34.3	36.9	33.2	29.4
Tanzania	38.7	31.8	26.4	22.3	18.9	14.6	7.9	5.2	3.5
Thailand	45.8	38.9	34	31.1	29.4	26.8	20.9	19.7	16.5
Timor-Leste	40.8	34	28.7	24.5	20.8	16.5	12.9	10.1	9.9
Togo	58.6	51.2	43.7	36.6	30.1	24.6	21.1	10.1	4.4
Tonga	36.9	30.1	25.3	23.2	22.7	21.2	20.2	17.6	12.9
Trinidad and Tobago	23.7	18.1	13.9	10.8	8.5	10.9	11.9	17.3	21.4
Tunisia	75.1	71.1	67.2	63.4	59.6	51.5	44.5	37.5	32.3
Turkey	77.7	74	69.6	64.7	59.2	43.8	38.2	31.5	24.8
Turkmenistan	59.9	53.9	48.1	45.1	45.1	47.1	47.8	46.4	45
Turks and Caicos Islands	55.1	49.1	45.2	43.5	42.6	41.7	40.8	40.7	40.6
Uganda	20.7	16	13.3	12.1	11.1	7.5	6.7	4.4	2.8
Ukraine	75.2	71.7	68.9	67.1	66.8	61.7	54.8	46.8	35.5
United Arab Emirates	80.5	78.2	76.9	77.4	79.1	81.1	80.6	73.5	54.5
United Kingdom	92.2	91.1	90.1	89.4	88.7	87.9	77.1	78.4	79
United States	87	84.9	82.3	79.1	75.3	73.7	73.6	70	64.2
Uruguay	94.3	93.5	92.5	91.3	89	85.4	82.4	80.2	77.9
Uzbekistan	46.1	40	36.9	37.3	40.1	40.8	36.7	34	31.4
Vanuatu	38	31	25.6	21.7	18.7	14.7	12.3	10.4	8.8
Venezuela	97.1	96.5	94.9	91.1	84	79.4	71.6	61.2	46.8
Vietnam	41.8	34.7	28.8	24.3	20.3	19.2	18.3	14.7	11.6
Virgin Islands	97	96.5	95.3	92.6	87.7	80.1	69.6	56.5	58.3
Western Sahara	93.6	92.8	92	91.2	88.5	75.2	43.3	54.5	38.9
Yemen	41.7	34.8	29.4	25.4	20.9	16.5	13.3	9.1	5.8
Zambia	44.7	38.9	35.7	34.8	39.4	39.8	30.4	18.1	11.5
Zimbabwe	50.7	43.9	38.3	33.8	29	22.4	17.4	12.6	10.6

---